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--- 78xx [2016/06/06 18:37]
gongyu [Advantages]
+++ 78xx [2020/09/10 14:44] (当前版本)
gongyu
@@ 行 1: / 行 1: @@
-**78xx系列线性稳压器件**
+## 78xx系列线性稳压器件
-The 78xx (sometimes L78xx, LM78xx, MC78xx...) is a family of self-contained fixed linear voltage regulator integrated circuits. The 78xx family is commonly used in electronic circuits requiring a regulated power supply due to their ease-of-use and low cost. For ICs within the family, the xx is replaced with two digits, indicating the output voltage (for example, the 7805 has a 5-volt output, while the 7812 produces 12 volts). The 78xx line are positive voltage regulators: they produce a voltage that is positive relative to a common ground. There is a related line of 79xx devices which are complementary negative voltage regulators. 78xx and 79xx ICs can be used in combination to provide positive and negative supply voltages in the same circuit.
-xx ICs have three terminals and are commonly found in the TO-220 form factor, although they are available in surface-mount, TO-92, and TO-3 packages. These devices support an input voltage anywhere from around 2.5 volts over the intended output voltage up to a maximum of 35 to 40 volts depending on the model, and typically provide 1 or 1.5 amperes of current (though smaller or larger packages may have a lower or higher current rating).
+xx（有时是L78xx，LM78xx，MC78xx ......）是一系列独立的固定线性稳压器集成电路。 78xx系列通常用于需要稳压电源的电子电路，因为它易于使用且成本低。 对于该系列中的IC，xx由两位数字代替，表示输出电压（例如，7805具有5伏输出，而7812产生12伏特）。 78xx线是正电压调节器：它们产生的电压相对于公共地是正的。 有一系列79xx设备是互补的负电压调节器。 78xx和79xx IC可以组合使用，在同一电路中提供正负电源电压。
-====优点====
+xx IC有三个端子，通常用于TO-220外形尺寸，但它们有表面贴装，TO-92和TO-3封装。 这些器件在预期输出电压范围内支持输入电压约2.5伏特，最高可达35至40伏特，具体取决于型号，通常提供1或1.5安培的电流（尽管更小或更大的封装可能具有更低或更高的电流） 更高的额定电流）。
+### 优点
 xx系列器件不需要外围的元器件就可以提供稳定的电压输出，使用起来非常简单，并且也节省板上面积。其它的稳压器也许会需要附加的元器件以设置输出电压值或者用于帮助稳压。
 xx系列的器件内置过流保护、过热保护以及短路保护电路，多数应用场合下非常可靠。
-====Disadvantages====
+### 缺点
-The input voltage must always be higher than the output voltage by some minimum amount (typically 2.5 volts). This can make these devices unsuitable for powering some devices from certain types of power sources (for example, powering a circuit that requires 5 volts using 6-volt batteries will not work using a 7805).
+输入电压必须始终高于输出电压一些最小量（通常为2.5伏）。这可能使这些设备不适合从某些类型的电源为某些设备供电（例如，使用6伏电池为需要5伏的电路供电将无法使用7805）。由于它们基于线性稳压器设计，因此所需的输入电流始终与输出电流相同。由于输入电压必须始终高于输出电压，这意味着进入78xx的总功率（电压乘以电流）将大于提供的输出功率。差异以热量的形式消散。这意味着对于某些应用必须提供足够的散热器，并且在该过程期间浪费了输入功率的（通常是实质的）部分，使得它们比一些其他类型的电源效率低。当输入电压显着高于稳压输出电压时（例如，使用24伏电源为7805供电），这种低效率可能是一个重要问题。降压转换器可能优于78xx稳压器，因为它们更有效并且不需要散热器，但它们更昂贵。
-As they are based on a linear regulator design, the input current required is always the same as the output current. As the input voltage must always be higher than the output voltage, this means that the total power (voltage multiplied by current) going into the 78xx will be more than the output power provided. The difference is dissipated as heat. This means both that for some applications an adequate heatsink must be provided, and also that a (often substantial) portion of the input power is wasted during the process, rendering them less efficient than some other types of power supplies. When the input voltage is significantly higher than the regulated output voltage (for example, powering a 7805 using a 24 volt power source), this inefficiency can be a significant issue. Buck converters may be preferred over 78xx regulators because they are more efficient and do not require heat sinks, but they are more expensive.
-Individual devices in the series[edit]
-TS7805 linear voltage regulator in a TO-220 variant package with electrically isolated tab
+TS7805线性稳压器采用TO-220变体封装，带有电气隔离片
-There are common configurations for 78xx ICs, including 7805 (5 V), 7806 (6 V), 7808 (8 V), 7809 (9 V), 7810 (10 V), 7812 (12 V), 7815 (15 V), 7818 (18 V), and 7824 (24 V) versions. The 7805 is the most common, as its regulated 5-volt supply provides a convenient power source for most TTL components.
+xx IC有常见配置，包括7805（5 V），7806（6 V），7808（8 V），7809（9 V），7810（10 V），7812（12 V），7815（15 V） ，7818（18 V）和7824（24 V）版本。 7805是最常见的，因为其稳压的5伏电源为大多数TTL组件提供了便利的电源。
 ^型号	|输出电压(V)	|最小输入电压(V)|
@@ 行 26: / 行 26: @@
 ^7824	|+24	|27.1|
-Less common are lower-power versions such as the LM78Mxx series (500 mA) and LM78Lxx series (100 mA) from National Semiconductor. Some devices provide slightly different voltages than usual, such as the LM78L62 (6.2 volts) and LM78L82 (8.2 volts) as well as the STMicroelectronics L78L33ACZ (3.3 volts)
+不太常见的是低功率版本，例如美国国家半导体的LM78Mxx系列（500 mA）和LM78Lxx系列（100 mA）。 有些器件提供的电压与通常略有不同，例如LM78L62（6.2伏）和LM78L82（8.2伏）以及STMicroelectronics L78L33ACZ（3.3伏）